Distributions
Arch Linux
If you want a graphical install or install without manuall partitioning you can use the install script by typing archinstall or use EndeavourOS
Arch Linux is a Linux distribution for computers based on the x86-64 architecture. It is a rolling release distribution, which means that it does not have a release cycle. Instead, new versions of packages are released as soon as they are ready. This allows Arch Linux to always be up-to-date but also means that it is not as stable as other distributions and you can break it if you don’t know what your doing.
You may have to change the keyboard layout.
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loadkeys de
To change it permanently edit /etc/vconsole.conf and add KEYMAP=de to it.
Installation over wifi
You can check if the WiFi is blocked by running rfkill list.
If it says Soft blocked: yes, then run rfkill unblock wifi
After unblocking the WiFi, you can connect to it. Go through these 5 steps:
- Run
iwctl - Run
device list, and find your device name. - Run
station [device name] scan - Run
station [device name] get-networks - Find your network, and run
station [device name] connect [network name], enter your password and runexit. You can test if you have internet connection by runningping github.com, and then Press Ctrl and C to stop the ping test.
Package Manager
- update all packages
sodp pacman -Syu --noconfirm - install a package
sudo pacman -S --noconfirm <package> - remove a package
sudo pacman -R --noconfirm <package> - list installed packages
pacman -Q - search for a package
pacman -Ss <package>
You can add --noconfirm to execute without confirmation.
If you want to install a package from the AUR (like vscode) you can use yay or paru.
Debian
Debian is a Linux distribution composed of free and open-source software, developed by the community-supported Debian Project. The Debian Project was first announced on August 16, 1993 by Ian Murdock. The Debian stable distribution is maintained by the Debian Stable Release Team. It is the most popular Linux distribution for servers. It is stable and secure, but most of the time it is not the latest version of the software.
Package Manager
- update all packages
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y - install a package
sudo apt install -y <package> - remove a package
sudo apt remove -y <package> - list installed packages
dpkg -l - search for a package
apt search <package>
You can add -y to execute without confirmation.
Fedora
Fedora is a Linux distribution developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and owned by Red Hat. It is a free and open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel and GNU packages. It is sponsored by Red Hat and is a part of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux family. It is the most popular Linux distribution for desktops. It is stable and secure.
Package Manager
- update all packages
sudo dnf update && sudo dnf upgrade -y - install a package
sudo dnf install -y <package> - remove a package
sudo dnf remove -y <package> - list installed packages
rpm -qa - search for a package
dnf search <package>
You can add -y to execute without confirmation.
NixOS
NixOS is a Linux distribution based on the Nix package manager. It is a free and open-source operating system that is declarative, purely functional, and multi-user. The entire system is configured in a configuration file with makes it easy to reproduce and share. It is stable, secure and up to date.
Package Manager
- update all packages
nix-env -u - install packages
nix-env -iA nixos.<packagename> - erase packages
nix-env -e <packagename> - list installed packages
nix-env -q - search for a package
nix-env -qaP | grep <packagename>
You can use the nix packagemanager seperatlly from NixOS on all Unix based OS.
search nix packages
nix packagemanager
sudo
Repeat last command with sudo
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sudo !!
ssh
ssh into a server
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ssh username@server_ip
ssh into a server with a specific port
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ssh -p 2222 username@server_ip
send a command to a server
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ssh username@server_ip "ls"
send a file to a server
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scp file.txt username@server_ip:/home/username/
get a file from a server
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scp username@server_ip:/home/username/file.txt .
sshpass
sshpass into a server
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sshpass -p "password" ssh username@server_ip
send a command to a server with sshpass
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sshpass -p "password" ssh username@server_ip "ls"
send file to a server with sshpass
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sshpass -p "password" scp file.txt username@server_ip:/home/username/
Systemd Commands
systemctl start
Start a service:
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systemctl start service_name
systemctl stop
Stop a service:
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systemctl stop service_name
systemctl restart
Restart a service:
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systemctl restart service_name
systemctl enable
Enable a service:
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systemctl enable service_name --now
systemctl disable
Disable a service:
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systemctl disable service_name
systemctl status
Check the status of a service:
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systemctl status service_name
systemctl list-units
List all units:
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systemctl list-units
virsh
virsh is a command line tool for managing virtual machines.
It is part of the libvirt package.
virsh list
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virsh list --all
virsh start
start a virtual machine
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virsh start vm_name
virsh shutdown
shutdown a virtual machine
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virsh shutdown vm_name
virsh destroy
destroy a virtual machine
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virsh destroy vm_name
virsh undefine
undefine a virtual machine (remove it from the list)
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virsh undefine vm_name
virsh console
connect to the console of a virtual machine
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virsh console vm_name
virsh create snapshot
create a snapshot of a virtual machine
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virsh snapshot-create-as vm_name snapshot_name
virsh snapshot-list
list all snapshots of a virtual machine
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virsh snapshot-list vm_name
virsh snapshot-revert
revert a virtual machine to a snapshot
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virsh snapshot-revert vm_name snapshot_name
virsh snapshot-delete
delete a snapshot of a virtual machine
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virsh snapshot-delete vm_name snapshot_name
System checks
Checking the ram
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dmidecode --type 17